Rota
Also called: roster, work schedule, shift schedule
A rota is the published plan of who works which shift over a given period, usually a week. Rota is the standard word in the UK and Ireland; roster is more common in Australia, and schedule in North America.
What belongs on one
Dates, shift times, the person assigned and their role, and the location if you run more than one. Anything else — notes, tasks, reminders — is useful but is not the rota.
Published means published
A rota is only doing its job once the team can see it and can trust that it will not change silently. A version living in a manager’s spreadsheet is a draft, whatever it is called.
How far ahead
Two weeks is a common compromise: far enough for people to plan a life, close enough that demand forecasts still mean something. Some jurisdictions set a legal minimum notice period and require compensation when the rota changes late.